Which artery primarily supplies the kidneys?

• A. Renal arteries
• B. Superior mesenteric artery
• C. Renal veins
• D. Common iliac artery

Answer: (A)

The kidneys receive their main arterial blood supply from the renal arteries. These paired vessels branch directly from the abdominal aorta and deliver oxygen-rich blood to each kidney, supporting filtration and function. The other vessels listed have different roles: the superior mesenteric artery supplies the intestines, the common iliac arteries feed the pelvis and lower limbs, and the renal veins carry blood away from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava rather than supply them. So the renal arteries are the primary source of arterial inflow to the kidneys.